An important consideration for the development of biosensors is the adsorption of the
biorecognition element to the surface of a substrate. As the first step in the immobilization …

In vivo electrochemical sensing based on implantable microelectrodes is a strong driving
force of analytical neurochemistry in brain. The complex and dynamic neurochemical …

Chemistry constitutes the essence of life, with the central nervous system (CNS) not being
an exception. As the most sophisticated and mysterious biological system, the CNS arises …

Bioelectronic materials interface biomolecules, cells, organs, or organisms with electronic
devices, and they represent an active and growing field of materials research. Protein and …

It is extremely challenging to chemically diagnose disorders of the brain. There is hence
great interest in designing and optimizing tools for direct detection of chemical biomarkers …

Nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, metal–organic frameworks,
metal nanoparticles, and porous carbon, play a crucial role as efficient carriers to enhance …

Flexible electrochemical biosensors used for sweat analysis have aroused great interests in
the field of intelligent instruments. Due to the complexity of body fluids, development of …

L-Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and
hyperglutamatergic signaling is implicated in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases …

The growing importance of nanomaterials toward the detection of neurotransmitter
molecules has been chronicled in this review. Neurotransmitters (NTs) are chemicals that …

Enzymes are one of the most studied biorecognition elements for biosensing applications.
Enzymes are known to offer a distinctive advantage of catalytic biorecognition with …