Advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis have translated
into knowledge-based therapies directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets …

The high metabolic demand of cancer cells leads to an accumulation of H+ ions in the
tumour microenvironment. The disorganized tumour vasculature prevents an efficient wash …

Cancer metastasis is no longer viewed as a linear cascade of events but rather as a series
of concurrent, partially overlap** processes, as successfully metastasizing cells assume …

Genetic and epigenetic variation, together with transcriptional plasticity, contribute to
intratumour heterogeneity. The interplay of these biological processes and their respective …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is prone to distant metastasis and is expected to become
the second leading cause of cancer-related death. In an extremely nutrient-deficient and …

Cancer is an evolutionary disease, containing the hallmarks of an asexually reproducing
unicellular organism subject to evolutionary paradigms. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma …

Cancer cells face various metabolic challenges during tumor progression, including growth
in the nutrient-altered and oxygen-deficient microenvironment of the primary site …

Molecular, morphological, and physiological heterogeneity is the inherent property of cells
which governs differences in their response to external influence. Tumor cell metabolic …

No predictive biomarkers can robustly identify patients with non–small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. Here, in a …

Acidosis is a fundamental feature of the tumor microenvironment, which directly regulates
tumor cell invasion by affecting immune cell function, clonal cell evolution, and drug …