The rise in Arctic near-surface air temperatures has been almost twice as large as the global
average in recent decades,,—a feature known as 'Arctic amplification'. Increased …

We discuss potential transitions of six climatic subsystems with large-scale impact on
Europe, sometimes denoted as tip** elements. These are the ice sheets on Greenland …

A new long-term data record of Fram Strait sea ice area export from 1935 to 2014 is
developed using a combination of satellite radar images and station observations of surface …

The 2008 IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) review of the status of the
world's mammals identified marine mammals (pinnipeds, cetaceans, sirenians, and the …

Climate models project continued Arctic sea ice reductions with nearly ice-free summer
conditions by the mid-21st century. However, how such reductions will realistically enable …

Although much remains to be learned about the Arctic and its component processes, many
of the most urgent scientific, engineering, and social questions can only be approached …

Dansgaard‐Oeschger (D‐O) cycles are the most dramatic, frequent, and wide‐reaching
abrupt climate changes in the geologic record. On Greenland, D‐O cycles are characterized …

In this article, the first spatially resolved and millennium-length summer (June–August)
temperature reconstruction over the Arctic and sub-Arctic domain (north of 60° N) is …

In the process of open-ocean convection in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, surface water
sinks to depth as a distinct water mass, the characteristics of which affect the meridional …

During the past decade, the Arctic has experienced its highest temperatures of the
instrumental record, even exceeding the warmth of the 1930s and 1940s. Recent paleo …