There are notable sex-based differences in immune responses to pathogens and self-
antigens, with female individuals exhibiting increased susceptibility to various autoimmune …

The DEAD-box helicase family member DDX3X (DBX, DDX3) functions in nearly all stages
of RNA metabolism and participates in the progression of many diseases, including virus …

The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-
canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family. TBK1 can be activated by …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is essential for the type I interferon response against
DNA pathogens. In response to the presence of DNA and/or cyclic dinucleotides, STING …

The cellular stress response has a vital role in regulating homeostasis by modulating cell
survival and death. Stress granules are cytoplasmic compartments that enable cells to …

Sexual dimorphism in the mammalian immune system is manifested as more frequent and
severe infectious diseases in males and, on the other hand, higher rates of autoimmune …

Characterizing the interactions that SARS-CoV-2 viral RNAs make with host cell proteins
during infection can improve our understanding of viral RNA functions and the host innate …

Cells are equipped with mechanisms that allow them to rapidly detect and respond to
viruses. These defense mechanisms rely partly on receptors that monitor the cytosol for the …

The mammalian innate immune system detects the presence of microbial infection through
germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid …

In response to various immune challenges, females show better survival than males; the X
chromosome has an important role in this immunological advantage. X chromosome-linked …