The climate research community uses atmospheric reanalysis data sets to understand a
wide range of processes and variability in the atmosphere, yet different reanalyses may give …

The most pronounced warming in the historical global climate record prior to the recent
warming occurred over the first half of the 20th century and is known as the Early Twentieth …

The extension of the ERA5 reanalysis back to 1950 supplements the previously published
segment covering 1979 to the present. It features the assimilation of additional conventional …

We provide a description and concise evaluation of the European Centre of Medium‐range
Weather Forecasts Reanalysis v. 5 (ERA5) global reanalysis from an additional extension …

Abstract Within the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF is producing the
ERA5 reanalysis which, once completed, will embody a detailed record of the global …

In much of western-central Europe, summer temperatures have surged three times faster
than the global mean warming since 1980, yet this is not captured by most climate model …

The WFDE5 dataset has been generated using the WATCH Forcing Data (WFD)
methodology applied to surface meteorological variables from the ERA5 reanalysis. The …

The ECMWF twentieth century reanalysis (ERA-20C; 1900–2010) assimilates surface
pressure and marine wind observations. The reanalysis is single-member, and the …

One of the largest sources of uncertainty in estimates of global temperature change is that
associated with the correction of systematic errors in sea surface temperature (SST) …

CERA‐20C is a coupled reanalysis of the twentieth century which aims to reconstruct the
past weather and climate of the Earth system including the atmosphere, ocean, land, ocean …