The human brain is a sophisticated, high‐performance biocomputer that processes multiple
complex tasks in parallel with high efficiency and remarkably low power consumption …

Dendrites have always fascinated researchers: from the artistic drawings by Ramon y Cajal
to the beautiful recordings of today, neuroscientists have been striving to unravel the …

Humanoid robots, intelligent machines resembling the human body in shape and functions,
cannot only replace humans to complete services and dangerous tasks but also deepen the …

Interfaces between organelles are emerging as critical platforms for many biological
responses in eukaryotic cells. In yeast, the ERMES complex is an endoplasmic reticulum …

Hebb postulated that, to store information in the brain, assemblies of excitatory neurons
coding for a percept are bound together via associative long-term synaptic plasticity. In this …

In this paper, the recent progress of synaptic electronics is reviewed. The basics of biological
synaptic plasticity and learning are described. The material properties and electrical …

Electrical activity in neurons requires a seamless functional coupling between
plasmalemmal ion channels and ion transporters. Although ion channels have been studied …

Statistical learning (SL) is typically considered to be a domain-general mechanism by which
cognitive systems discover the underlying distributional properties of the input. However …

Working memory is a fundamental feature of biological brains for perception, cognition, and
learning. In addition, learning with working memory, which has been show in conventional …

Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to improve
various forms of learning in humans. Stimulation is often applied during training, producing …