Abstract The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global crisis
and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease. It has affected a …

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2), results in life-threatening disease in a minority of patients, especially elderly …

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-1 family member IL-1α is a ubiquitous and pivotal pro-
inflammatory cytokine. The IL-1α precursor is constitutively present in nearly all cell types in …

Importance Effective treatments for patients with severe COVID-19 are needed. Objective To
evaluate the efficacy of canakinumab, an anti–interleukin-1β antibody, in patients …

Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to activate and mature proinflammatory
cytokines in the body. Cytokine markers are a group of polypeptide signalling molecules that …

A hyperinflammatory response during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) infection crucially worsens clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 …

Background Anakinra might improve the prognosis of patients with moderate to severe
COVID-19 (ie, patients requiring oxygen supplementation but not yet receiving organ …

Background A subset of critically ill COVID-19 patients develop a hyperinflammatory state.
Anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, is known to be effective in several …

Background There is mounting evidence on the existence of a Pediatric Inflammatory
Multisystem Syndrome-temporally associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection (PIMS-TS), sharing …

Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a severe complication of inflammatory immune diseases
or treatment of malignancies; it may also appear during the progression of COVID-19. CSS …