Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change.
Their native biota has adapted to the region's extreme conditions over many millions of …

This review describes outcomes of a 2010 horizon-scanning exercise building upon the first
exercise conducted in 2009. The aim of both horizon scans was to identify emerging issues …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary management tool for mitigating threats to
marine biodiversity,. MPAs and the species they protect, however, are increasingly being …

Patterns of environmental spatial structure lie at the heart of the most fundamental and
familiar patterns of diversity on Earth. Antarctica contains some of the strongest …

Ocean acidification (OA), a consequence of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, poses
a serious threat to marine organisms in tropical, open-ocean, coastal, deep-sea, and high …

Owing to anthropogenic-induced acidification, surface waters of the high latitudes are
projected to become persistently undersaturated with respect to aragonite as early as mid …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

The several forms of ecological spatial connectivity–population, genetic, community,
ecosystem–are among the most important ecological processes in determining the …

Antarctica is experiencing significant ecological and environmental change, which may
facilitate the establishment of non‐native marine species. Non‐native marine species will …