Primary magmas form by partial melting in the mantle of a terrestrial planet and represent
the starting material for building its crust. The compositions of primary magmas are critical for …

The upper mantle under the Afar Depression in the East African Rift displays some of the
slowest seismic wave speeds observed globally. Despite the extreme nature of the …

The pressure and temperature conditions of the transition from spinel to garnet as the stable
aluminous phase in peridotite lithologies of the upper mantle is integral to elucidating the …

Komatiites are ultra-hot ultramafic lavas, largely restricted to the Archaean. They represent
an extreme endmember of terrestrial magmatism and challenge our understanding of how …

Temporal changes in Earth's tectonic style play a crucial role in understanding the planet's
evolution. Modern-style tectonics is characterized by the formation of basaltic crust at …

Identifying the origin and conditions of basalt generation is a crucial yet formidable task. To
tackle this challenge, we introduce an innovative approach leveraging machine learning …

Geochemical data are presented for flood basalts from the Adigrat area in the northwestern
Ethiopian Plateau to determine their genesis and mantle source compositions …