There remain many unanswered questions on how to assess and treat the pathology and
complications that arise from diabetic retinopathy (DR). Optical coherence tomography …

Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

High-acuity vision in primates, including humans, is mediated by a small central retinal
region called the fovea. As more accessible organisms lack a fovea, its specialized function …

The human retina contains three types of glial cells: microglia and two types of macroglia,
astrocytes and Müller cells. Macroglia provide homeostatic and metabolic support to …

The recent introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has
remarkably expanded our knowledge of the choroid through in vivo investigation of the …

A fovea is a pitted invagination in the inner retinal tissue (fovea interna) that overlies an area
of photoreceptors specialized for high acuity vision (fovea externa). Although the shape of …

Most irreversible blindness results from retinal disease. To advance our understanding of
the etiology of blinding diseases, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to …

Congenital PAX6-aniridia, initially characterized by the absence of the iris, has progressively
been shown to be associated with other developmental ocular abnormalities and systemic …

The retinal capillary vasculature serves the formidable role of supplying the metabolically
active inner and middle retina. In the parafoveal region, the retinal capillary plexuses (RCP) …

This review summarizes our current knowledge of primate including human retina focusing
on bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells and their connectivity. We have two main …