The APOBEC family of single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminases comprises a formidable
arm of the vertebrate innate immune system. Pre-vertebrates express a single APOBEC …

Xenotransplantation may be a solution to overcome the shortage of organs for the treatment
of patients with organ failure, but it may be associated with the transmission of porcine …

Abstract Background The APOBEC3 (A3) genes play a key role in innate antiviral defense in
mammals by introducing directed mutations in the DNA. The human genome encodes for …

Non-human primates are considered to be likely sources of viruses that can infect humans
and thus pose a significant threat to human population. This is well illustrated by some …

Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins are a
diverse and evolutionarily conserved family of cytidine deaminases that provide a variety of …

Background Foamy viruses (FV) are ancient complex retroviruses that differ from
orthoretroviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and murine leukemia virus …

Spuma-or foamy viruses (FV), endemic in most non-human primates, cats, cattle and horses,
comprise a special type of retrovirus that has developed a replication strategy combining …

APOBEC3G belongs to a family of DNA cytosine deaminases that are involved in the
restriction of a broad number of retroviruses including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 …

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes cancer (Adult T cell
Leukemia, ATL) and a spectrum of inflammatory diseases (mainly HTLV-associated …

HIV-1 replication normally requires Vif-mediated neutralization of APOBEC3 antiviral
enzymes. Viruses lacking Vif succumb to deamination-dependent and-independent …