The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a highly conserved pathway that allows the cell to
manage endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is imposed by the secretory demands …

Initiating and maintaining optimal immune responses requires high levels of protein
synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking in leukocytes, which are processes …

Intestinal Paneth cells limit bacterial invasion by secreting antimicrobial proteins, including
lysozyme. However, invasive pathogens can disrupt the Golgi apparatus, interfering with …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major contributor to inflammatory diseases, such as
Crohn disease and type 2 diabetes,. ER stress induces the unfolded protein response …

This review of Brucella–host interactions and immunobiology discusses recent discoveries
as the basis for pathogenesis-informed rationales to prevent or treat brucellosis. Brucella …

Oxidative stress, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are important for innate
immunity against pathogens. ROS directly attack pathogens, regulate and amplify immune …

Microbial pathogens possess an arsenal of strategies to invade their hosts, evade immune
defences and promote infection. In particular, bacteria use virulence factors, such as …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the major organelle in the cell for protein folding and
plays an important role in cellular functions. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is …

INTRODUCTION Innate immunity relies on several families of pattern recognition molecules
(PRMs) that broadly recognize microbial motifs and danger signals. Upon activation …

Bacterial infection caused by intracellular pathogens, such as Mycobacterium, Salmonella,
and Brucella, is a burgeoning global health epidemic that necessitates urgent action …