Recent advances have driven the development of stem cell-derived, self-organizing, three-
dimensional miniature organs, termed organoids, which mimic different eye tissues …

Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) research have turned limitations of
prior and current research into possibilities. iPSCs can differentiate into the desired cell …

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) enables non-invasive imaging of the retina and is
used to diagnose and manage ophthalmic diseases including glaucoma. We present the …

Mammalian retinal metabolism favors aerobic glycolysis. However, the role of glycolytic
metabolism in retinal morphogenesis remains unknown. We report that aerobic glycolysis is …

Organogenesis is a self-organizing process of multiple cells in three-dimensional (3D)
space, where macroscopic tissue deformations are robustly regulated by multicellular …

The study of human brain physiology, including cellular interactions in normal and disease
conditions, has been a challenge due to its complexity and unavailability. Induced …

Tissue specific extracellular matrices (ECM) provide structural support and enable access to
molecular signals and metabolites, which are essential for directing stem cell renewal and …

The self-formation of retinal tissue from pluripotent stem cells generated a tremendous
promise for develo** new therapies of retinal degenerative diseases, which previously …

The sine oculis (SIX) family of transcription factors are key regulators of developmental
processes during embryogenesis. Members of this family control gene expression to …

The neurons of the retina can be affected by a wide variety of inherited or environmental
degenerations that can lead to vision loss and even blindness. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) …