This review focuses on one family of the known cAMP receptors, the exchange proteins
directly activated by cAMP (EPACs), also known as the cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide …

Astrocytes may function as mediators of the impact of noradrenaline on neuronal function.
Activation of glial α1-adrenergic receptors triggers rapid astrocytic Ca2+ elevation and …

Signal transduction is the primary process by which cells respond to changes in their
physical and chemical environments. Cellular response is initiated through a signaling …

Genetically-encoded biosensors based on a single fluorescent protein are widely used to
visualize analyte levels or enzymatic activities in cells, though usually to monitor relative …

The influences of donor and acceptor concentrations on Förster resonant energy transfer
(FRET) in a separated donor-acceptor quantum dot bilayer structure have been investigated …

Collective behavior in cellular populations is coordinated by biochemical signaling networks
within individual cells. Connecting the dynamics of these intracellular networks to the …

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), referred to as the transfer of the photon energy
absorbed in donor to acceptor, has received much attention as an important physical …

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a group of neurodevelopmental disorders
characterized by core symptoms such as impaired social interaction and communication …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from (dys-) functioning mitochondria contribute to
normal and pathophysiological cellular signaling by modulating cytosolic redox state and …

The 5-HT 7 receptor has recently gained much attention due to its involvement in multiple
physiological functions and diseases. The insufficient quality of the available molecular …