Women in almost all modern populations live longer than men. Research to date provides
evidence for both biological and social factors influencing this gender gap. Conditions when …

Aging populations exert upwards pressure on healthcare systems, raising concerns about
increasing expenditures on health. This paper reviews the empirical literature on the issue …

The emerging era of precision medicine (PM) holds great promise for patient care by
considering individual, environmental, and lifestyle factors to optimize treatment. Context is …

Survival to extreme ages clusters within families. However, identifying genetic loci conferring
longevity and low morbidity in such longevous families is challenging. There is debate …

The male-female health-survival paradox—the phenomenon observed in modern human
societies in which women experience greater longevity and yet higher rates of disability and …

Empirical research has shown that being male is the most consistent predictor of mortality at
all ages in all countries of the world (Barford et al. 2006). A female survival advantage was …

Background Gender disparities in mortality have drawn great interest, with previous studies
identifying various biological, social, and behavioral factors contributing to the observed …

Puberty brings profound shifts in identity and sense of self. The external manifestations of
sexual maturity propel a young adolescent into a different set of roles and expectations …

Background: Throughout industrialized countries, tobacco consumption is seen as the
predominant driver of both the trend and the extent of gender differences in life expectancy …

Objectives Religiousness is associated with longevity and better physical health, which may
be due to lifestyle choices. Here, we examine associations between religiousness and …