Covid-19 is a major pandemic facing the world today caused by SARS-CoV-2 which has
implications on our understanding of infectious diseases. Although, SARS-Cov-2 primarily …

The microbiota plays an essential role in the education, development, and function of the
immune system, both locally and systemically. Emerging experimental and epidemiological …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third commonest cause of death
globally, and manifests as a progressive inflammatory lung disease with no curative …

Emerging findings indicate there is a vital cross-talk between gut microbiota and the lungs,
which is known as gut–lung axis. The gut disturbances in lung diseases including allergy …

Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many
pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and …

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, now a global health crisis, has
surprised health authorities around the world. Recent studies suggest that the measures …

The microbiota is vital for the development of the immune system and homeostasis.
Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the respiratory tract and …

Cigarette smoke is a representative source of toxic chemical exposures to humans, and the
adverse consequences of cigarette smoking are mediated by its effect on both neuronal and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of morbidity and
death worldwide. Inhalation of cigarette smoke (CS) is the major cause in developed …

Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus causes cardiopulmonary and vascular complications,
ranging in severity. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of the novel SARS-CoV2 …