Cellular stress or apoptosis triggers the release of ATP, ADP and other nucleotides into the
extracellular space. Extracellular nucleotides function as autocrine and paracrine signalling …

Cytotoxic T cells recognize, via their T cell receptors (TCRs), small antigenic peptides
presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) on the surface of professional …

Effective cancer immunotherapy requires overcoming immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironments. We found that local nitric oxide (NO) production by tumor-infiltrating …

Tumor-reactive T cells become unresponsive in advanced tumors. Here we have
characterized a common mechanism of T cell unresponsiveness in cancer driven by the …

The introduction of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)‐modified T cells has revolutionized
immunotherapy and cancer treatment as a whole. However, so far, clinical efficacy has only …

Antitumor vaccines encoding self-antigens generally have low immunogenicity in clinical
trials. Several approaches are aimed at improving vaccine immunogenicity, including efforts …

ABSTRACT A DNA vaccine, SCIB1, incorporating two CD8 and two CD4 epitopes from TRP-
2/gp100 was evaluated in patients with metastatic melanoma. Each patient received SCIB1 …

Highlights•ATT with optimal T cells and target peptides can cure large MDSC-containing
tumors.•MDSC can restrain the efficacy of ATT through direct and indirect mechanisms.• …

Inherent intermediate-to low-affinity T-cell receptors (TCR) that develop during the natural
course of immune responses may not allow sufficient activation for tumor elimination …

The avidity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigenic peptides presented by the peptide–
MHC (pMHC) on cells is a key parameter for cell-mediated immunity. Yet a fundamental …