BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The use of stand-alone cervical interbody cages in anterior
cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) has become popular, but high subsidence rates …

This review of the literature will focus on the indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes
for expandable transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior lumbar interbody …

Objective We compared the biomechanical differences among posterolateral fusion (PLF)
and transforaminal, extreme, and oblique lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF, XLIF, and OLIF …

Study Design. A biomechanical investigation using indentation tests in a human cadaveric
model to seek variation in the structural properties across the lower lumbar and sacral …

Intervertebral cages in the lumbar spine have been an advancement in spinal fusion to
relieve low back pain. Even though initial stability is accepted as a requirement for fusion …

Anterior cervical decompression and fusion with anterior plating of the cervical spine is a
well-accepted treatment for cervical radiculopathy. Recently, to minimise the extent of …

Background context Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is increasingly popular
for the surgical treatment of degenerative lumbar disease. The optimal construct for …

Purpose Lateral interbody fusion and posterior percutaneous pedicle screw (LIF-PPS)
fixation has been performed in two-stage positioning. The aim of this study was to …

Objectives Multiple different approaches are used to treat lumbar degenerative disc disease
and spinal instability. Both anterior–posterior (AP) reconstructive surgery and transforaminal …

Background context Lumbar interbody fusion (LIF) techniques have been used for years to
treat a number of pathologies of the lower back. These procedures may use an anterior …