Although cells in many brain regions respond to reward, the cortical-basal ganglia circuit is
at the heart of the reward system. The key structures in this network are the anterior …

The Internet has evolved into a ubiquitous and indispensable digital environment in which
people communicate, seek information, and make decisions. Despite offering various …

We offer a formal treatment of choice behavior based on the premise that agents minimize
the expected free energy of future outcomes. Crucially, the negative free energy or quality of …

The last ten years of attention research have witnessed a revolution, replacing a theoretical
dichotomy (top-down vs. bottom-up control) with a trichotomy (biased by current goals …

The positive-negative axis of emotional valence has long been recognized as fundamental
to adaptive behavior, but its origin and underlying function have largely eluded formal …

A broad range of evidence regarding the functional organization of the vertebrate brain–
spanning from comparative neurology to experimental psychology and neurophysiology to …

The term “predictive brain” depicts one of the most relevant concepts in cognitive
neuroscience which emphasizes the importance of “looking into the future”, namely …

Many risk genes interact synergistically to produce schizophrenia and many
neurotransmitter interactions have been implicated. We have developed a circuit-based …

When people are forced to be isolated from each other, do they crave social interactions? To
address this question, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural …

Reinforcement learning provides both qualitative and quantitative frameworks for
understanding and modeling adaptive decision-making in the face of rewards and …