Calcium is a ubiquitous second messenger that mediates plant responses to developmental
and environmental cues. Calcium‐dependent protein kinases (CDPK s) are key actors of …

Ca 2+ has long been recognized as a conserved second messenger and principal mediator
in plant immune and stress responses. How Ca 2+ signals are sensed and relayed into …

Ca2+ ions play a vital role as second messengers in plant cells during various
developmental processes and in response to environmental stimuli. Plants have evolved a …

As a ubiquitous secondary messenger in plant signaling systems, calcium ions (Ca2+) play
essential roles in plant growth and development. Within the cellular signaling network, the …

Plant calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) may function as calcium sensors and
play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and in plant …

A unique family of protein kinases has evolved with regulatory domains containing
sequences that are related to Ca2+-binding EF-hands. In this family, the archetypal Ca2+ …

Despite the intensive management practices available to modern agriculture, drought and
salinity are still major constraints on crop production and food security. Yield losses to …

Soil salinity of agricultural land has led to the breakdown of ancient civilizations. Even today
it threatens agricultural productivity in 77 million hectares (mha) of agricultural land, of which …

To survive and develop normally, plants must constantly perceive changes in their
environment and respond properly through a variety of molecular mechanisms. What are the …

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important sensors of Ca+ 2 flux in plants,
which control plant development and responses by regulating downstream components of …