The field of exoplanet atmospheric characterization has recently made considerable
advances with the advent of high-resolution spectroscopy from large ground-based …

We summarize the history, concept, scientific program, and technical performance of the
James Webb Space Telescope (JWST, Webb; Gardner et al. 2006). This paper points to and …

Transmission spectroscopy,–of exoplanets has revealed signatures of water vapour,
aerosols and alkali metals in a few dozen exoplanet atmospheres,. However, these previous …

Measuring the abundances of carbon and oxygen in exoplanet atmospheres is considered a
crucial avenue for unlocking the formation and evolution of exoplanetary systems,. Access to …

The search for habitable environments and biomarkers in exoplanetary atmospheres is the
holy grail of exoplanet science. The detection of atmospheric signatures of habitable Earth …

Photochemistry is a fundamental process of planetary atmospheres that regulates the
atmospheric composition and stability. However, no unambiguous photochemical products …

Seven rocky planets orbit the nearby dwarf star TRAPPIST-1, providing a unique opportunity
to search for atmospheres on small planets outside the Solar System. Thanks to the recent …

The Saturn-mass exoplanet WASP-39b has been the subject of extensive efforts to
determine its atmospheric properties using transmission spectroscopy,,–. However, these …

Measuring the metallicity and carbon-to-oxygen (C/O) ratio in exoplanet atmospheres is a
fundamental step towards constraining the dominant chemical processes at work and, if in …

The critical first step in the search for life on exoplanets over the next decade is to determine
whether rocky planets transiting small M-dwarf stars possess atmospheres and, if so, what …