Background Visual impairment in elderly people is a considerable health problem that
significantly affects quality of life of millions worldwide. The magnitude of this issue is …

Vitamin D insufficiency affects almost 50% of the population worldwide. An estimated 1
billion people worldwide, across all ethnicities and age groups, have a vitamin D deficiency …

Background: Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of severe, irreversible
vision impairment in developed countries. The primary risk factors for the development of …

Purpose.: While exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a recognized risk factor for
cataract, its association is more controversial with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) …

The contributory roles of vitamin D in ocular and visual health have long been discussed,
with numerous studies pointing to the adverse effects of vitamin D deficiency. In this paper …

The aim of this study is to determine and critically evaluate the plausible relationships of
vitamin D with extra-skeletal tissues in humans. Severe vitamin D deficiency results in rickets …

Vitamin D is a micronutrient that is needed for optimal health throughout the whole life.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) can be either synthesized in the human skin upon exposure to …

Chronic kidney disease is an emerging health problem worldwide. The eye shares striking
structural, developmental, and genetic pathways with the kidney, suggesting that kidney …

Biomarkers can help unravel mechanisms of disease and identify new targets for therapy.
They can also be useful in clinical practice for monitoring disease progression, evaluation of …

Objective: To investigate the relationships between lifestyle behaviors of diet, smoking, and
physical activity and the subsequent prevalence of age-related macular degeneration …