In 2010, the American Heart Association defined a novel construct of cardiovascular health
to promote a paradigm shift from a focus solely on disease treatment to one inclusive of …

Heart Failure (HF) is a multi-faceted and life-threatening syndrome characterized by
significant morbidity and mortality, poor functional capacity and quality of life, and high costs …

Importance Stroke is the leading cause of death in China. However, recent data about the up-
to-date stroke burden in China are limited. Objective To investigate the urban-rural disparity …

High levels of lactate are positively associated with the prognosis and mortality in patients
with heart attack. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays an important role in …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating form of stroke with high morbidity and
mortality. This review article focuses on the epidemiology, cause, mechanisms of injury …

Women face a disproportionate burden of stroke mortality and disability. Biologic sex and
sociocultural gender both contribute to differences in stroke risk factors, assessment …

Importance Pulmonary embolism (PE) is characterized by occlusion of blood flow in a
pulmonary artery, typically due to a thrombus that travels from a vein in a lower limb. The …

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remain one of the major causes of pregnancy-
related maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Affected women are also at …

The aim of this ESC Guideline is to help health professionals manage people with heart
failure (HF) according to the best available evidence. Fortunately, we now have a wealth of …

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects> 230 million adults worldwide and is
associated with increased risk of various adverse clinical outcomes (other cardiovascular …