East African landscapes today are the result of the cumulative effects of climate and land-
use change over millennial timescales. In this review, we compile archaeological and …

Cattle are our most important livestock species because of their production and role in
human culture. Many breeds that differ in appearance, performance and environmental …

The texture of life also changed beyond recognition. From the quiet life of villages, most of
humanity now lived in the tumult of cities. From the relative isolation of villages, humanity …

In the prehistoric green Sahara of Holocene North Africa—in contrast to the Neolithic of
Europe and Eurasia—a reliance on cattle, sheep and goats emerged as a stable and …

Cattle pastoralism plays a central role in human livelihood in Africa. However, the genetic
history of its success remains unknown. Here, through whole-genome sequence analysis of …

In this paper, we present a history of pastoralism in the ancient Near East from the Neolithic
through the Bronze Age. We describe the accretional development of pastoral technologies …

Pastoral nomadism encompasses an array of specialized knowledge concerned with the
daily rhythms and long-term tempos of caring for herd animals in order to extract subsistence …

Heterozygosity-rich regions (HRR) are genomic regions of high heterozygosity, which may
harbor loci related to key functional traits such as immune response, survival rate, fertility …

Variations in body weight and in the distribution of body fat are associated with feed
availability, thermoregulation, and energy reserve. Ethiopia is characterized by distinct agro …

Abstract The Indian Ocean has long been a forum for contact, trade and the transfer of
goods, technologies and ideas between geographically distant groups of people. Another …