It has been known for more than 60 years, and suspected for over 100, that alveolar hypoxia
causes pulmonary vasoconstriction by means of mechanisms local to the lung. For the last …

The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system
that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a …

Excess dietary salt is a major cause of hypertension. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms
by which salt increases arterial constriction and peripheral vascular resistance, and thereby …

Sodium homeostasis is at the center stage of astrocyte (and brain) physiology because the
large inwardly directed Na+ gradient provides the energy for transport of ions …

The transmembrane sodium gradient is essential for both excitability of the cardiac cell and
the regulation of the cytoplasmic concentrations of Ca and protons. In addition, movements …

The endothelin (ET) system consists of two G protein coupled–receptors (GPCRs), ET type A
receptor (ETAR) and ET type B receptor (ETBR), and three endogenous ligands, ET-1, ET-2 …

It has become increasingly clear that the accumulation of proteins in specific regions of the
plasma membrane can facilitate cellular communication. These regions, termed signaling …

Signaling cascades initiated or regulated by calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen (ROS), and
nitrogen (RNS) species are essential to diverse physiological and pathological processes in …

The central roles of salt (NaCl) and the kidneys in the pathogenesis of most forms of
hypertension are well established. 1, 2 The linkage between NaCl retention and blood …

The role of mitochondria in cell signaling is becoming increasingly apparent, to an extent
that the signaling role of mitochondria appears to have stolen the spotlight from their primary …