Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react preferentially with certain atoms to modulate functions
ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. Molecular actions include both inhibition and …

Life evolved in an anaerobic world; therefore, fundamental enzymatic mechanisms and
biochemical pathways were refined and integrated into metabolism in the absence of any …

Ca 2+ dynamics and oxidative signaling are fundamental mechanisms for mitochondrial
bioenergetics and cell function. The MCU complex is the major pathway by which these …

Oxidants are produced as a by-product of aerobic metabolism, and organisms ranging from
prokaryotes to mammals have evolved with an elaborate and redundant complement of …

The polarizable sulfur atom in cysteine is subject to numerous post-translational oxidative
modifications in the cellular milieu, which regulates a wide variety of biological phenomena …

Thioredoxins are ubiquitous antioxidant enzymes that play important roles in many health-
related cellular processes. As such, the fundamental knowledge of how these enzymes work …

S-Glutathionylation is the specific post-translational modification of protein cysteine residues
by the addition of the tripeptide glutathione, the most abundant and important low-molecular …

Recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is simple, fast, inexpensive, and
robust, with the expressed protein comprising up to 50 percent of the total cellular protein …

Since their discovery as a substrate for ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the role of
thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) has been largely extended through their regulatory …

Antimicrobial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by the mammalian host
defense to kill invading bacteria and limit bacterial colonization. One main in vivo target of …