Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Abstract El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperature (SST) variability
increased after 1960, influenced by more frequent strong El Niño and La Niña events …

Over the modern satellite era, substantial climatic changes have been observed in the
Antarctic, including atmospheric and oceanic warming, ice sheet thinning and a general …

Abstract An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 C above pre-
industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of …

El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and
weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are …

Abstract The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant and most consequential
climate variation on Earth, and is characterized by warming of equatorial Pacific sea surface …

The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

Abstract The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant climate phenomenon
affecting extreme weather conditions worldwide. Its response to greenhouse warming has …

El Niño events are a prominent feature of climate variability with global climatic impacts. The
1997/98 episode, often referred to as 'the climate event of the twentieth century',, and the …

Abstract The El Niño/Southern Oscillation is Earth's most prominent source of interannual
climate variability, alternating irregularly between El Niño and La Niña, and resulting in …