Volatile elements (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, halogens, and noble gases) played an
essential role in the secular evolution of the solid Earth and emergence of life. Here we …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

As part of a project to investigate the volatilities of so-called “moderately volatile elements”
such as Zn, In, Tl, Ga, Ag, Sb, Pb, and Cl during planetary formation, we began by re …

Comparing compositional models of the terrestrial planets provides insights into
physicochemical processes that produced planet-scale similarities and differences. The …

Europa likely contains an iron‐rich metal core. For it to have formed, temperatures within
Europa reached 1250 K. Going up to that temperature, accreted chondritic minerals—for …

The observation that mid-ocean ridge basalts had~ 3× higher iodine/plutonium ratios
(inferred from xenon isotopes) compared to ocean island basalts holds critical insights into …

Earth's origins are challenging to elucidate, given the lack of surviving terrestrial geology
from the first 500 Myr of the Solar System. In this Review, we discuss breakthroughs in …

A growing number of satellites in the outer solar system likely have global oceans beneath
their outer icy shells. While the presence of liquid water makes these ocean worlds …

Establishing when, and from where, carbon, nitrogen and water were delivered to Earth is a
fundamental objective in understanding the origin of habitable planets such as Earth. Yet …

Many habitable zone (HZ) exoplanets are expected to form with water mass fractions higher
than that of the Earth. For rocky exoplanets with 10–1000× Earth's H 2 O but without H 2, we …