The field of red cell biology is undergoing a quiet revolution. Long assumed to be inert
oxygen carriers, RBCs are emerging as important modulators of the innate immune …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

Numerous novel adaptations characterise the radiation of notothenioids, the dominant fish
group in the freezing seas of the Southern Ocean. To improve understanding of the …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Background Mass spectrometry-based proteomics enables the global identification and
quantification of proteins and their posttranslational modifications in complex biological …

The species diversity of the Antarctic fish fauna changed notably during the≈ 40 million
years from the Eocene to the present. A taxonomically restricted and endemic modern fauna …

Background Globins occur in all three kingdoms of life: they can be classified into single-
domain globins and chimeric globins. The latter comprise the flavohemoglobins with a C …

The Antarctic biota is highly endemic, and the diversity and abundance of taxonomic groups
differ from elsewhere in the world. Such characteristics have resulted from evolution in …

Usually described thus far in the left ventricle, it is typically associated with abnormal systolic
function, albeit also recorded with restrictive physiology and segmental hypokinesis. 1-5 …

Icefish or white-blooded fish are a family of species, unique among vertebrates in that they
possess no haemoglobin. With the exception of one species which occurs on the southern …