Preclinical studies of the T cell growth factor activity of IL-2 resulted in this cytokine
becoming the first immunotherapy to be approved nearly 30 years ago by the US Food and …

Forty years after its naming, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is experiencing a renaissance brought on by
the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in the clinic. Recent …

Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate
defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are innate counterparts of T cells that contribute to immune
responses by secreting effector cytokines and regulating the functions of other innate and …

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has long been praised as an important
effector molecule of anti-tumor immunity, capable of suppressing tumor growth through …

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2 cells) are type 2 cytokine–producing cells of the innate
immune system with important roles in helminth infection and allergic inflammation. Here we …

Natural killer (NK) cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are heterogenous innate
lymphocytes broadly defined in mice as Lin− NK1. 1+ NKp46+ cells that express the …

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are involved in human diseases, such as allergy,
atopic dermatitis and nasal polyposis, but their function in human cancer remains unclear …

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of immune effector cells that have important roles in
host defense, metabolic homeostasis and tissue repair but can also contribute to …

Every 4–5 days, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are terminated as they reach the end of their
life. This process ensures that the epithelium is comprised of the fittest cells that maintain an …