Reward-related cues are an important part of our daily life as they often influence and guide
our actions. This paper reviews one of the experimental paradigms used to study the effects …

Pavlovian stimuli exert a range of effects on behavior from simple conditioned reflexes, such
as salivation, to altering the vigor and direction of instrumental actions. It is currently …

Environmental reward‐predictive stimuli provide a major source of motivation for
instrumental reward‐seeking activity and this has been linked to dopamine signaling in the …

Background Environmental reward–predictive stimuli provide a major source of motivation
for adaptive reward pursuit behavior. This cue-motivated behavior is known to be mediated …

A mechanism known as Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) describes a phenomenon
by which the values of environmental cues acquired through Pavlovian conditioning can …

The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior
stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates …

Loss of flexible control over alcohol use may contribute to the development of alcohol use
disorders. An increased contribution of response habits to alcohol‐related behaviors may …

Animal studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to drugs of abuse impairs goal‐
directed control over action selection indexed by the outcome‐devaluation and specific …

Deficits in instrumental, goal-directed control, combined with the influence of drug-
associated Pavlovian-conditioned stimuli, are thought to influence the development and …

Abstract Purpose of Review The persistent maladaptive eating behavior characteristic of
anorexia nervosa (AN) can be understood as a learned habit. This review describes the …