Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks of polymer chains containing large amounts of
water in their structure. Hydrogels have received significant attention in biomedical …

Spheroids and organoids are cellular aggregates formed by multicellular culture under 3D
matrix microenvironment in vitro, capable of recapitulating partial structures, functions and …

The development of bioactive scaffolds by mimicking bone tissue extracellular matrix is
promising for bone regeneration. Herein, inspired by the bone tissue composition, a novel …

Mesoporous hydroxyapatite (MHAP), featuring high porosity, high surface area, and three-
dimensional ordered passageways, has diverse applications in several fields. Thus, an in …

In the last few decades, microspheres and microsphere-based scaffolds have demonstrated
great potential in translational medicine. Various materials, including natural polymers …

Introduction Bone tissue engineering is a promising method to treat bone defects. However,
the current methods of preparing composite materials that mimic the complex structure and …

Artificial blood vessels prepared by traditional methods have disadvantages such as
uncontrollable shape, size and long preparation cycle, while 3D bioprinting technology …

With exceptional biocompatibility and biodegradability, plant-derived materials have
garnered significant interest for a myriad of biomedical applications. This minireview …

Critical-size bone defects are a common and intractable clinical problem that typically
requires filling in with surgical implants to facilitate bone regeneration. Considering the …

Critical-size bone defect repair presents multiple challenges, such as osteogenesis,
vascularization, and neurogenesis. Current biomaterials for bone repair need more …