Abstract The Southern Ocean is an important regulator of global CO2 levels and likely had a
key role in lowering atmospheric CO2 levels during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and …

Abstract The Global Overturning Circulation is linked to climate change on glacial-
interglacial and multi-millennial timescales. The understanding of past climate-circulation …

Our understanding of past ocean-climate dynamics is informed by multiple paleocirculation
proxies including δ 13 C, 231 Pa/230 Th, and radiogenic neodymium isotopes (ε Nd). Of …

Ocean circulation critically affects the global climate and atmospheric carbon dioxide
through redistribution of heat and carbon in the Earth system. Despite intensive research …

The causes of the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, the shift from∼ 41-ky to 100-ky interglacial–
glacial cycles and more intense ice ages, remain intensely debated, as this fundamental …

For its greenhouse effects, atmospheric CO2 can critically influence the global climate on
millennial and centennial timescales. Pleistocene atmospheric CO2 variations must involve …

Proxy reconstructions from deep ocean sediments have helped to shape our understanding
of the role of the global overturning circulation in past climate change. Neodymium (Nd) …

Increased carbon sequestration in the ocean subsurface is commonly assumed to have
been one of the main causes responsible for lower glacial atmospheric CO2 concentrations …

The relationship between ocean circulation and monsoon systems over orbital to sub‐
millennial timescales is a crucial but poorly constrained component of the climate system …

Freshwater perturbations are often thought to be associated with abrupt climate changes
during the last deglaciation, while many uncertainties remain regarding the exact timing …