Background Fibrosis is a tissue damage repair response caused by multiple pathogenic
factors which could occur in almost every apparatus and leading to the tissue structure …

The evolutionarily conserved c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is a critical
genetic determinant in the control of longevity. In response to extrinsic and intrinsic stresses …

Knowing the molecular makeup of an organ system is required for its in-depth
understanding. We analyzed the molecular repertoire of the adult tracheal system of the fruit …

TGF-β1 is known to have a pro-inflammatory impact by inducing Th9 and Th17 cells, while it
also induces anti-inflammatory Treg cells (Tregs). In the context of allergic airway …

Airway remodeling is an umbrella term for structural changes in the conducting airways that
occur in chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive …

Background Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease worldwide. Recent studies
have revealed the critical effects of the ceRNA network and ferroptosis on patients with …

The unique design of respiratory organs in multicellular organisms makes them prone to
infection by pathogens. To cope with this vulnerability, highly effective local immune systems …

Toll signaling is well known for its pivotal role in the host response against the invasion of
external pathogens. Here, we investigate the potential involvement of Toll signaling in the …

Rationale MicroRNAs have been independently associated with asthma and COPD;
however, it is unclear if microRNA associations will overlap when evaluating retrospective …

Early life environmental influences such as exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) can disturb
molecular processes of lung development and thereby increase the risk for later …