Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) includes a cluster of highly heterogeneous biliary malignant
tumours that can arise at any point of the biliary tree. Their incidence is increasing globally …

The liver is the only solid organ that uses regenerative mechanisms to ensure that the liver-
to-bodyweight ratio is always at 100% of what is required for body homeostasis. Other solid …

Liver regeneration is a complex process involving the crosstalk of multiple cell types,
including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. The …

Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells lining the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, are
highly specialized cells residing in a complex anatomic niche where they participate in bile …

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases with age. Cellular
senescence refers to a state of irreversible cell-cycle arrest combined with the secretion of …

Primary liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and
therefore a major public health challenge. We review hypotheses of the cell of origin of liver …

After liver injury, regeneration occurs through self-replication of hepatocytes. In severe liver
injury, hepatocyte proliferation is impaired—a feature of human chronic liver disease,. It is …

Ductular reaction (DR) is characterized by the proliferation of reactive bile ducts induced by
liver injuries. DR is pathologically recognized as bile duct hyperplasia and is commonly …

Summary Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic four-helix-bundle cytokine that exerts multiple
functions in the body. In the liver, IL-6 is an important inducer of the acute phase response …

Liver fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic or iterative liver damage. Advanced
chronic fibrosis is described as cirrhosis with a loss of architecture and attendant functional …