Immune evasion contributes to cancer growth and progression. Cancer cells have the ability
to activate different immune checkpoint pathways that harbor immunosuppressive functions …

In recent years, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led
to unprecedented breakthroughs in cancer treatment. However, the fact that many tumors …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a specialized shield on tumor cells that evades the
immune system. Even inhibited by PD-L1 antibodies, a cycling process constantly transports …

Antagonistic antibodies targeting the inhibitory immune-checkpoint receptor PD-1 or its
ligand PD-L1 are used to treat a wide range of cancer types and can substantially improve …

Traditional drug discovery mainly focuses on direct regulation of protein activity. The
development and application of protein activity modulators, particularly inhibitors, has been …

The paradigm of surface-expressed programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) signalling to
immune cell programmed death 1 (PD1) to inhibit antitumour immunity has helped to …

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women worldwide, and triple-negative
breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the worst prognosis and highest risk of recurrence. The …

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has become a major weapon in fighting cancer.
Antibody drugs, such as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1, demonstrate obvious advantages such …

Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited
conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety and long-term memory ability …

The use of systemic anticancer chemotherapy is intrinsically limited by its toxicity. Whether
dealing with small molecules or biopharmaceuticals, after systemic administration, small …