This work chiefly develops and discusses a fractional-order predatorprey model with
distributed delay and discrete delay. Applying skilly an appropriate variable substitution, a …

This research article centers on the formulation and analysis of a novel prey–predator model
that integrates the impacts of predation fear, prey refuge, and carry-over effects. The model …

Recent field experiments on vertebrates show that though mere presence of a predator
causes a dramatic change in prey demography, the fear of predators increases the survival …

Global warming is becoming a big concern for the environment since it is causing serious
and often unexpected impacts on species, affecting their abundance, genetic composition …

This research paper presents an eco-epidemiological model that investigates the intricate
dynamics of a predator–prey system, considering the impact of fear-induced stress, hunting …

Plankton-fish interactions are the central topic of interest related to marine ecology. Apart
from the direct predation (lethal effect) of zooplankton by fish, there are some non-lethal …

In this manuscript, we investigate the fear effect on the spatiotemporal behavior of the
predator–prey model with prey social behavior and cross-diffusive. Our main interest is to …

We study a class of models in which generalist predator utilizes two distinct prey species as
their food sources. Several field data and experiments exhibit that predator may switch it's …

In this paper, we establish a predator–prey model with Beddington–Deangelis functional
response. For this model, firstly, the existence of the positive equilibrium point and the …

Memory over past events has great importance on the survival of species in an ecological
system. It is helpful in searching favourite food, esca** from predator attacks, group …