Rutile is the most common naturally occurring titanium dioxide polymorph and is widely
distributed as an accessory mineral in metamorphic rocks ranging from greenschist to …

A stagnant slab is a subducted slab of oceanic lithosphere subhorizontally deflected above,
across, or below the 660 km discontinuity. This phenomenon has now been widely …

Results are reported of an exploration of mantle source lithology for intraplate magmas
using whole-rock and olivine phenocryst compositions. This analysis includes modern mid …

More than 50 per cent of the Earth's upper mantle consists of olivine and it is generally
thought that mantle-derived melts are generated in equilibrium with this mineral. Here …

The most abundant class of bacterial ribosomal RNA genes detected in seawater DNA by
gene cloning belongs to SAR11—an α-proteobacterial clade. Other than indications of their …

A primary consequence of plate tectonics is that basaltic oceanic crust subducts with
lithospheric slabs into the mantle. Seismological studies extend this process to the lower …

Meteorites exposed to high pressures and temperatures during impact-induced shock often
contain minerals whose occurrence and stability normally confine them to the deeper …

Consideration of petrology, geochemistry, and mineral physics suggests that ancient
subducted oceanic crusts cannot be the source materials supplying ocean island basalts …

High-pressure experiments (5–10 GPa, corresponding to approximately 150–300 km depth
in the mantle) have been conducted on a basalt+ calcite mixture in order to constrain the fate …

The global geodynamic regime of early Earth, which operated before the onset of plate
tectonics, remains contentious. As geological and geochemical data suggest hotter Archean …