A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

Free-electron lasers and high-harmonic-generation table-top systems are new sources of
extreme-ultraviolet to hard X-ray photons, providing ultrashort pulses that are intense …

X-ray lasers offer new capabilities in understanding the structure of biological systems,
complex materials and matter under extreme conditions,,,. Very short and extremely bright …

Free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses
that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the …

An era of exploring the interactions of high-intensity, hard X-rays with matter has begun with
the start-up of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) …

Matter with a high energy density (> 105 joules per cm3) is prevalent throughout the
Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets,; it is …

In megabar shock waves, materials compress and undergo a phase transition to a dense
charged-particle system that is dominated by strong correlations and quantum effects. This …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Due to their short wavelength, X-rays can in principle be focused down to a few nanometres
and below. At the same time, it is this short wavelength that puts stringent requirements on X …

The study of structure, thermodynamic state, equation of state (EOS) and transport properties
of warm dense matter (WDM) has become one of the key aspects of laboratory astrophysics …