Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems,
providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as …

The ocean holds vast quantities of carbon that it continually exchanges with the atmosphere
through the air-sea interface. Because of its enormous size and relatively rapid exchange of …

Ocean and coastal ecosystems support life on Earth and many aspects of human well-being.
Covering two-thirds of the planet, the ocean hosts vast biodiversity and modulates the global …

While marine kelp forests have provided valuable ecosystem services for millennia, the
global ecological and economic value of those services is largely unresolved. Kelp forests …

The conservation, restoration, and improved management of terrestrial forests significantly
contributes to mitigate climate change and its impacts, as well as providing numerous co …

The potential for Blue Carbon ecosystems to combat climate change and provide co-benefits
was discussed in the recent and influential Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change …

Carbon sequestration is defined as the secure storage of carbon‐containing molecules for>
100 years, and in the context of carbon dioxide removal for climate mitigation, the origin of …

Net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions targets are driving interest in opportunities for
biomass-based negative emissions and bioenergy, including from marine sources such as …

As interest in natural climate mitigation solutions continues to grow, there is an essential role
for coastal and ocean ecosystems (“blue carbon”) to play. To meet mitigation targets …

Ocean biogeochemical models describe the ocean's circulation, physical properties,
biogeochemical properties and their transformations using coupled differential equations …