Natural ecosystems harbor a huge reservoir of taxonomically diverse microbes that are
important for plant growth and health. The vast diversity of soil microorganisms and their …

Phages and plasmids are regarded as distinct types of mobile genetic elements that drive
bacterial evolution by horizontal gene transfer. However, the distinction between both types …

Genetic manipulation is necessary to interrogate the functions of microbes in their
environments, such as the human gut microbiome. Yet, the vast majority of human gut …

Predicting bacteriophage infection of specific bacterial strains promises advancements in
phage therapy and microbial ecology. Whether the dynamics of well-established phage …

Phage satellites are bacterial genetic elements that co-opt phage machinery for their own
dissemination. Here we identify a family of satellites, named Phage-Inducible Chromosomal …

Since 2016, Yemen has been experiencing the largest cholera outbreak in modern history.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) emerged among Vibrio cholerae isolates from cholera patients …

Bacteriophage–bacteria interactions are affected by phage satellites, elements that exploit
phages for transfer between bacteria. Satellites can encode defense systems, antibiotic …

The co-evolution of prokaryotes, phages and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) has driven
the diversification of defense and anti-defense systems alike. Anti-defense proteins have …

In recent years, a vast number of novel antiphage defense mechanisms were uncovered. To
facilitate the exploration of mechanistic, ecological, and evolutionary aspects related to …

Bacteria possess (bacterio) phage defence systems to ensure their survival. The
thermophilic lactic acid bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, which is used in dairy …