One of the most contentious areas of Earth Science today is when, or whether or not modern-
style plate tectonics was in operation in the Archean Eon. In this review we present evidence …

The interface between subducting oceanic slabs and the hanging wall is a structurally and
lithologically complex region. Chemically disparate lithologies (sedimentary, mafic and …

The 238 U/235 U isotopic composition of uranium in seawater can provide important insights
into the modern U budget of the oceans. Using the double spike technique and a new data …

Arc basalts are more oxidized than mid-ocean ridge basalts, but it is unclear whether this
difference is due to differentiation processes in the Earth's crust or to a fundamental …

Earth's biogeochemical cycle of carbon delivers both limestones and organic materials to
the crust. In numerous, biologically catalysed redox reactions, hydrogen, sulphur, iron, and …

Deep carbon cycle is crucial for mantle dynamics and maintaining Earth's habitability.
Recycled carbonates are a strong oxidant in mantle carbon-iron redox reactions, leading to …

The fate of crustal material recycled into the convecting mantle by plate tectonics is important
for understanding the chemical and physical evolution of the planet. Marked isotopic …

A current model for the evolution of Proterozoic deep seawater composition involves a
change from anoxic sulfide-free to sulfidic conditions 1.8 Ga. In an earlier model the deep …

Changing conditions on the Earth's surface can have a remarkable influence on the
composition of its overwhelmingly more massive interior. The global distribution of uranium …

Abstract Low-temperature (< 100° C) alteration of oceanic crust plays an important role in
determining the chemical composition of the oceans. Although a major sink of seawater …