Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the most abundant cell in vessels. Earlier
experiments have found that VSMCs possess high plasticity. Vascular injury stimulates …

Hypertension is a global public health issue and the leading cause of premature death in
humans. Despite more than a century of research, hypertension remains difficult to cure due …

The cushioning function of large arteries encompasses distension during systole and recoil
during diastole which transforms pulsatile flow into a steady flow in the microcirculation …

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death worldwide, especially beyond
the age of 65 years, with the vast majority of morbidity and mortality due to myocardial …

The continuing increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the general population is
predicted to result in a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease. Although the …

Objectives: Vascular calcification is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Increased plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a gut microbiota-dependent product …

Arterial remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the vessel wall that
occur in response to disease, injury, or aging. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play a …

Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the
excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among
patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM can lead to multiple cardiovascular complications …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive disease that arises from multiple etiologies
and ultimately leads to right heart failure as the predominant cause of morbidity and …