Until recently, large apex consumers were ubiquitous across the globe and had been for
millions of years. The loss of these animals may be humankind's most pervasive influence …

Human alteration of the global environment has triggered the sixth major extinction event in
the history of life and caused widespread changes in the global distribution of organisms …

A keystone species is one whose effect is large, and disproportionately large relative to its
abundance nance of thcir eommunities, because they typically providc the major energy …

. P] redator-prey interactions have long captured the attention of ecologists, and with good
reason. Predation leads inevitably to the removal of prey individuals from ecological …

Populations and communities of organisms are influenced by a host of abiotic and biotic
factors. Climate, nutrients, natural enemies (including parasites and pathogens), symbionts …

Finally, an eBook version of this now classic textbook has become available. Largely based
on the 6th edition, published in 2000, this version is competitively priced. Written by well …

In this paper we review the empirical studies documenting trait‐mediated indirect
interactions (TMIIs) in food webs. Basic models and empirical approaches that form the …

We examine evidence for the structuring of fish communities from stream and lake systems
and the roles of biotic, abiotic, and spatial factors in determining the species composition …

Indirect effects occur when the impact of one species on another requires the presence of a
third species. They can arise in two general ways: through linked chains of direct …

We present a framework for explaining variation in predator invasion success and predator
impacts on native prey that integrates information about predator–prey naïveté, predator and …