The biological pump is a process whereby CO2 in the upper ocean is fixed by primary
producers and transported to the deep ocean as sinking biogenic particles or as dissolved …

The long history of life on Earth has unfolded as a cause-and-effect relationship with the
evolving amount of oxygen (O2) in the oceans and atmosphere. Oxygen deficiency …

The rise of complex macroscopic life occurred during the Ediacaran Period, an interval that
witnessed large-scale disturbances to biogeochemical systems. The current Ediacaran …

Construction and assembly of the Geologic Time Scale involves:(a) constructing a relative
(chronostratigraphic) standard scale for key periods in the Earth's rock record;(b) identifying …

The oxygen content of the Earth's surface environment is thought to have increased in two
broad steps: the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) around the Archean–Proterozoic boundary …

Earth's surface chemical environment has evolved from an early anoxic condition to the oxic
state we have today. Transitional between an earlier Proterozoic world with widespread …

The Ediacaran Period (635 to 542 million years ago) was a time of fundamental
environmental and evolutionary change, culminating in the first appearance of macroscopic …

The Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation (ca. 635–551Ma) in South China contains
exceptionally well-preserved fossils of multicellular eukaryotes including early animals, and …

Abstract The Neoproterozoic era (1,000–542 Myr ago) was an era of climatic extremes and
biological evolutionary developments culminating in the emergence of animals (Metazoa) …

Metazoans are likely to have their roots in the Cryogenian period,,, but there is a marked
increase in the appearance of novel animal and algae fossils shortly after the termination of …