Multilingualism is a common phenomenon among Indonesian students who are proficient in
both national and local languages. However, the use of the first language (L1) in English as …

The use of the first language in the teaching and learning process is often found in English
as a foreign language (EFL) classes. In Indonesia, Bahasa Indonesia is also employed in …

The use of first language in English-as-a-foreign-language (hereinafter referred to as EFL)
classrooms is still a controversial topic. Some studies have opposed the use of the students' …

The research discussed the using of the first language in teaching a foreign language that
had been a debate for language teaching practitioners for decades in language acquisition …

Discussions of the second language (L2) pedagogy have been studied not only in the
language and education fields. Experts working in the psychology field also propose …

The aim of this study was to analyze the multilingual practices and predominant languages
used by an English teacher during classroom activities. It also sought to assess students' …

This study investigated students' perceptions, students' attitudes, and students' main reasons
for supporting first language use in the EFL classroom. A qualitative approach with a holistic …

Using the mother tongue (L1) to improve four English language skills, namely listening,
reading, writing, and speaking for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, and to …

This study investigates out-of-Java students' perceptions of their self-efficacy in English-
speaking skills. To figure out their perceptions, the researchers formulated two research …

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the education field worldwide, shifting the
teaching-learning process from traditional face-to-face classrooms to online learning …