A large scholarship currently holds that before the onset of anthropogenic global warming,
natural climatic changes long provoked subsistence crises and, occasionally, civilizational …

Volcanic eruptions have long been studied for their wide range of climatic effects. Although
global-scale climatic impacts following the formation of stratospheric sulfate aerosol are well …

Including an exceptionally warm Northern Hemisphere summer,, 2023 has been reported as
the hottest year on record,–. However, contextualizing recent anthropogenic warming …

Working Group I (WGI) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assesses
the current evidence on the physical science of climate change, evaluating knowledge …

As forest demographics are altered by the global decline of old trees and reforestation
efforts, younger trees are expected to have an increasingly important influence on carbon …

Extreme summer temperatures are increasingly common across the Northern Hemisphere
and inflict severe socioeconomic and biological consequences. In summer 2021, the Pacific …

The Arctic is warming faster than any other region on Earth. Putting this rapid warming into
perspective is challenging because instrumental records are often short or incomplete in …

Across western North America (WNA), 20th-21st century anthropogenic warming has
increased the prevalence and severity of concurrent drought and heat events, also termed …

Tree-ring chronologies underpin the majority of annually-resolved reconstructions of
Common Era climate. However, they are derived using different datasets and techniques …

Earth system models and various climate proxy sources indicate global warming is
unprecedented during at least the Common Era. However, tree-ring proxies often estimate …