Although modern techniques such as two-photon microscopy can now provide cellular-level
three-dimensional imaging of the intact living brain, the speed and fields of view of these …

During the last few decades, neuroscientists have benefited from the emergence of many
powerful functional imaging techniques that cover broad spatial and temporal scales. We …

Evoked activity in the mammalian cortex and the resulting behavioral responses exhibit a
large variability to repeated presentations of the same stimulus. This study examined …

Two-photon calcium imaging is a powerful means for monitoring the activity of distinct
neurons in brain tissue in vivo. In the mammalian brain, such imaging studies have been …

Optical imaging of cortical activity offers several advantages over conventional
electrophysiological and anatomical techniques. One can map a relatively large region …

Voltage-sensitive dyes allow neuronal activity to be studied by non-invasive optical
techniques. They provide an attractive means of investigating striate cortex, where important …

We have shown previously the existence of small, activity-dependent changes in intrinsic
optical properties of cortex that are useful for optical imaging of cortical functional …

The brain functions through coordinated activity among distributed regions. Wide-field
calcium imaging, combined with improved genetically encoded calcium indicators, allows …

Optical brain imaging has seen 30 years of intense development, and has grown into a rich
and diverse field. In-vivo imaging using light provides unprecedented sensitivity to functional …

The idea of interfacing minds with machines has long captured the human imagination.
Recent advances in neuroscience and engineering are making this a reality, opening the …