Mismanagement of various wastes especially waste water produced by tanning processes
has caused serious environmental problems and ultimately impaired human health …

Plants are very often confronted by different heavy metal (HM) stressors that adversely
impair their growth and productivity. Among HMs, chromium (Cr) is one of the most prevalent …

The present era is seeking our attention on the dilemma caused by the contamination of the
aquatic system with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni). Amid Ni and Cr oxidation states …

The tanning industry generates a large amount of waste, which should be managed
following the principles of the circular economy. It is estimated that leather processing …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) in water is a proven carcinogen to different internal
and external organs of the living organisms. There are different human activities …

Resources scarcity and electricity demand have been dramatically increasing. Wastewater
is recognized as one of resources for water, energy and plant fertilizing nutrients …

Industrial applications and commercial processes release a lot of chromium into the
environment (soil, surface water or atmosphere) and resulting in serious human diseases …

Industrialization and modernization of agricultural systems contaminated lithosphere,
hydrosphere, and biosphere of the Earth. Sustainable remediation of contamination is …

Water scarcity is a major threat to agriculture and humans due to over abstraction of
groundwater, rapid urbanization and improper use in industrial processes. Industrial …

Heavy metals generated mainly through many anthropogenic processes, and some natural
processes have been a great environmental challenge and continued to be the concern of …