Ocean ventilation is the transfer of tracers and young water from the surface down into the
ocean interior. The tracers that can be transported to depth include anthropogenic heat and …

A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

A global climatology and database of mixed layer properties are computed from nearly
1,250,000 Argo profiles. The climatology is calculated with both a hybrid algorithm for …

Ocean overturning circulation requires a continuous thermodynamic transformation of the
buoyancy of seawater. The steeply slo** isopycnals of the Southern Ocean provide a …

Evidence from physical and geochemical tracers measured during the World Ocean
Circulation Experiment (WOCE) shows that there are four sub-types of Antarctic Intermediate …

Abstract The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate
Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic …

Mixed layers are defined to have homogeneous density, temperature, and salinity. However,
bio‐optical profiles may not always be fully homogenized within the mixed layer. The relative …

Abstract Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) is examined using the data-assimilating, eddy-
permitting Southern Ocean State Estimate, for 2005 and 2006. Surface formation due to air …

Wintertime surface ocean heat loss is the key process driving the formation of Subantarctic
Mode Water (SAMW), but there are few direct observations of heat fluxes, particularly during …

The growth of siliceous phytoplankton, mainly diatoms, in the Southern Ocean influences the
preformed nutrient inventory in the ocean on a global scale. Silicic acid use by diatoms and …